A lumbar puncture, also referred to as a spinal tap, is a surgical procedure performed to diagnose or treat a condition. The goal of this procedure is to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is the fluid that occupies the space around the brain and spinal cord. Testing this fluid can provide insight into infections, bacteria, and more. Doctors can use the results to help diagnose conditions affecting the nervous system including meningitis, encephalitis, or multiple sclerosis. 

In addition to providing diagnostic information, a lumbar puncture can also be used to treat certain conditions. Medications including local anesthetics and antibiotics can be injected through a lumbar puncture.

When is this Procedure Necessary?

Patients may consider a lumbar puncture for diagnostic and treatment purposes. This procedure is typically reserved for situations in which there is clinical suspicion of central nervous system infections, such as meningitis or encephalitis. It can also be indicated when intracranial hemorrhage or conditions like multiple sclerosis are suspected. Moreover, a lumbar puncture assists in evaluating CSF pressure, cell counts, protein levels, and glucose levels to aid in diagnosing various neurological disorders and ruling out other potential causes of symptoms. Additionally, it allows for the administration of medications directly into the CSF space when necessary.

What To Expect

During a lumbar puncture, the patient will lay on their side with their back curved to separate the vertebrae and create space for the incision. Local anesthesia will be used to ensure the patient’s comfort throughout the procedure process. Next, the surgeon will carefully insert a hollow needle into the spinal canal between two vertebrae. Once the needle is at the desired location, CSF pressure is measured and a sample is collected for analysis. If necessary, the surgeon will then use the hollow needle to inject medication. This procedure typically takes around 30 minutes. 

This procedure has a fairly simple recovery process and time. Right after the procedure, patients may experience headaches and pain at the incision site. Oftentimes, patients are given pain medications to manage any postoperative discomfort. If the procedure was performed for diagnostic purposes, it may take a few days to a week to hear the results. 

Contact the team at Smith Medical to learn more today.

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